Deterministic method of photon radiotherapy dose calculation / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Deterministic method is a numerical calculation method based on photon-electron coupled transport with high computational accuracy and speed, which has been widely applied in photon radiotherapy dose calculation in recent years. However, this method has been introduced into radiotherapy for only a short period of time, which has been rarely studied in China, and systematic understanding of its characteristics is still lacking. In this article, the principles of deterministic method, current development state and clinical application were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for carrying out relevant research.

Practical Value of Environment-friendly Sample Release Agent Combined with Ultrasound in the Preparation of Pathological Tissue Sections / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the practical value of environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound in the preparation of pathological tissue sections. MethodsFrom February 2013 to December 2022， 2 518 pathological specimens submitted by Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the study objects. Two samples of the same specimen were randomly divided into two groups： the environment-friendly fast group， in which the pathological tissue sections were made by using the environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound； and the traditional group， in which formaldehyde， ethanol and xylene were used to make slices in the conventional way. The differences of hematoxylin （HE） staining effect， immunohistochemistry （IHC） staining effect and MDM2 gene detection result of atypical lipomatous tumor/highly differentiated liposarcoma （ALT/WDL） tissue sections between the two groups were compared. Results① The wax of the two groups' pathological tissues was dehydrated well and the tissue hardness was moderate. After HE staining， the sections of the two groups were intact， without cracks and tremor marks， and the contrast between nucleus and cytoplasm was appropriate， with good transparency， uniform staining， and no tissue loss. The excellent rate and score of HE staining in the environmental fast group were higher than those in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （χ2 = 3.125，P1 = 0.070；t = 0.965，P2 = 0.334）. ②After IHC staining of the two groups of sections， the positive location of the cells was accurate， the staining was specific and uniform， the staining intensity was moderate， the staining sensitivity was good， and there was no tissue loss. The excellent rate of IHC staining and the positive rate of IHC staining in the environmental fast group were lower than those in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （χ12 = 2.769，P1 = 0.092；χ22 = 0.800，P2 = 0.375）. ③The background and outline of the two groups of WDL tissue sections were clear， the staining was uniform， the cells were clear and visible， the nuclear boundary was clear， the hybridization signal was clear and bright under the background fluorescence， and there was no miscellaneous signal. The two groups of sections were hybridized successfully， and MDM2 showed positive amplification. The number of cells successfully hybridized in the environment-friendly fast group was lower than that in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （t = 1.414，P = 0.230）. ConclusionsThe tissue treatment method of using environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound can ensure the detection effect of HE staining， IHC staining and MDM2 gene detection of pathological tissue sections， and is more efficient and environment-friendly， suitable for promotion and use in hospitals at all levels.

Genetic Subtypes and Pretreatment Drug Resistance in the Newly Reported Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Aged≥50 Years Old in Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ2=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.

HIV-1 Transmission among Injecting Drug Users is Principally Derived from Local Circulating Strains in Guangxi, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via injection drug use (IDU) still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of HIV infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal sources and dynamics of HIV-1 transmission through IDU in Guangxi.@*METHODS@#We performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of infections across Guangxi from 2009 to 2019. Phylogenetic and Bayesian time-geographic analyses of HIV-1 sequences were performed to confirm the characteristics of transmission between IDUs in combination with epidemiological data.@*RESULTS@#Among the 535 subjects, CRF08_BC (57.4%), CRF01_AE (28.4%), and CRF07_BC (10.7%) were the top 3 HIV strains; 72.6% of infections were linked to other provinces in the transmission network; 93.6% of sequence-transmitted strains were locally endemic, with the rest coming from other provinces, predominantly Guangdong and Yunnan; 92.1% of the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs tended to be transmitted between HIV-positive IDUs.@*CONCLUSION@#HIV recombinants were high diversity, and circulating local strains were the transmission sources among IDUs in Guangxi. However, there were still cases of IDUs linked to other provinces. Coverage of traditional prevention strategies should be expanded, and inter-provincial collaboration between Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces should be strengthened.

Application of potassium sodium hydrogen citrate in the treatment of renal uric acid calculi with heavy load and literature review / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of potassium sodium hydrogen citrate in the treatment of renal uric acid calculi with heavy load.Methods:The clinical data of 6 patients with intrarenal high-load uric acid calculi (long diameter >4 cm) treated with potassium sodium hydrogen citrate in our hospital from January 2018 to July 2020 were reviewed. All of the patients were male. Their ages ranged from 42 to 66 years, with an average age of 51.3 years old. The average length to diameter was 6.0(4.1-7.6) cm. The average density of stone was 475 (418-535) HU. The average blood uric acid was 453.3(258.7-570.0)μmol/L, and all patients had a urine pH ≤5.5. The blood uric acid level was higher than normal serum uric acid level before treatment, and 3 cases had a history of gout. Stone composition analysis revealed 100% uric acid stone in two patients before treatment. The remaining patients were more likely to have uric acid calculi before treatment. None of the patients had a history of urinary tract infection. All patients were treated with oral potassium sodium hydrogen citrate. During the treatment, the starting dose was 10g/ day, which was divided into 2.5 g after breakfast, 2.5 g after lunch and 5.0 g after dinner. The dose was adjusted according to the pH value of urine, and the urine pH was maintained between 6.5-7.0. CT plain scan was repeated every 2-3 months during the treatment period to evaluate the treatment effect.Result:After 2.5-8.0 months’ treatment, the stone load of all the patients was reduced to different degrees, and the average length diameter was shortened by 3.2cm, among which two patients’ stones disappeared. CT scan showed the stone edge changed from smooth to rough after the treatment, and there would be worm erosion defect and cavity on the surface and inside of the stone, showing obvious stone dissolution phenomenon.Conclusions:Potassium sodium hydrogen citrate has a good therapeutic effect on renal uric acid calculi with heavy load. Non-infected patients with uric acid calculi should be treated with potassium sodium hydrogen citrate.

The clinical application of robot-assisted one-step transperitoneal nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application of robot-assisted laparoscopic single-position nephroureterectomy and bladder sleeve resection for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 15 UTUC patients admitted to Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2018 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 7 females, with a median age of 58.6 (ranging 52.6-69.6) years, including 8 cases of renal pelvic cancer, 2 cases of upper ureteral cancer, 5 cases of middle and lower ureteral cancer.The tumor located on the left side in 5 cases and right side in 10 cases. All 15 patients underwent robot-assisted one-step transperitoneal nephroureterectomy and bladder sleeve resection by the same surgeon. The patients were placed in a 70° healthy side lying position with a 10° head lower and foot high position. After routinely dissecting the kidneys and controlling the renal hilum, we continued to dissect the ureter down to the orifice of the bladder. The lymph node dissection was performed when dissecting the kidney and ureter. Then the ureter was resected like a sleeve and the bladder was sutured. Observation indicators, such as operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage tube and urinary catheter placement days, were recorded.Results:All 15 patients were successfully completed the operation in the same position and the same robot berth without conversion. The median operation time was 103 (ranging 82-185) min, and the intraoperative median blood loss was 60 (ranging 30-120) ml. The postoperative median drainage catheter placement time was 3 (ranging 2-5) d, the postoperative median hospital stay was 5 (ranging 4-7) d, and the postoperative urinary catheters were placed for 14 days. Postoperative pathological examinations of 15 patients showed UTUC without positive margins. The median follow-up time was 15 (ranging 10-30) months. All 15 patients survived. One patient was found a recurrence in the bladder after cystoscopy. There was no tumor progression after bladder tumor resection and bladder perfusion chemotherapy, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis was seen in the remaining 14 cases.Conclusions:Robot-assisted single-position transperitoneal nephroureterectomy for UTUC does not need to change patient position and robot berth, which effectively shortens the operation time, and achieves good tumor control effect. The short-term follow-up results were satisfactory.

The comparison of two surgical decompressions for patients with upper urinary tract calculi and sepsis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To compare the effectivity and safety of ureteral stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy for patients with upper urinary calculi and sepsis.Methods:From June 2013 to June 2019, 429 patients with upper urinary calculi and urosepsis were accepted in the second hospital of Tianjin Medical University. According to surgical decompression, patients were divided into two groups, ureteral stenting (US, n=304) and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN, n=125).121 patients were accompanied with septic shock in US group, 56 in PCN group. The effectivity of decompression was analyzed separately in patients with or without shock. For decompression, data included the success rate of decompression, the time of infection related parameters (temperature, blood WBC and CRP) returning to normal and the complications (progress of infection within 30min after decompression, perforation of ureter or pelvis). When urosepsis was cured, ureteroscopic lithotripsy was followed for all patients. The operation time, the stone free rate, the rate of using RIRS and the complications were compared.Results:For patients without septic shock, the success rate of decompression in PCN was higher (68/69)than that of US(165/183)( P =0.025); there was no significant difference in hospital stay for infection control and the time of infection related parameters (temperature, blood WBC and CRP) returning to normal ( P>0.05). The rate of infection progress within 30min in US(25/183) was higher than PCN(3/69)( P=0.036). When ureteroscopic lithotripsy was mentioned, the operation time in US(38.5±6.8 min) was longer than PCN(32.8±4.5 min)( P=0.000), the stone free rate and the rate of using RIRS were lower in PCN( P=0.044, P=0.0002). For patients with septic shock, the success rate of decompression in PCN was higher (55/56)than that of US(106/121)( P=0.022). The rate of infection progress within 30min after decompression was still higher in US ( P=0.048), the time of infection related parameters (temperature, blood WBC and CRP) returning to normal was shorter in PCN ( P=0.000, P=0.003, P=0.000). For lithotripsy, the operation time was longer in US ( P=0.017), the stone free rate and the rate of using RIRS were lower in PCN ( P=0.024, P=0.005). Conclusions:For patients with upper urinary calculi and urosepsis, both ureteral stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy can drainage the pelvis effectively. PCN provides quick recovery, especially when septic shock is involved. For the following ureteroscopic lithotripsy, PCN contributes to less operation time and higher stone free rate, reduces the use of flexible ureteroscope.

Application of metformin in the treatment of non-diabetic diseases / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Metformin is currently the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it is the most widely used oral hypoglycemic drug in the world. In addition to its significant hypoglycemic effect, metformin also has potential therapeutic effects on diseases such as tumors, obesity, thyroid diseases, polycystic ovarian diseases and cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific mechanism of action of metformin is still unclear. A large number of studies have shown that the regulation of energy metabolism by metformin is not only the core of its mechanism of action in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but also an important mechanism for its therapeutic effects in diseases such as tumors and cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the clinical application and related drug mechanisms of metformin in the treatment of non-diabetic diseases were summarized, so as to provide reference for the majority of medical workers, and look forward to a more in-depth exploration of its drug mechanism and clinical application in the future.

Anticomplementary activity and constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the anticomplementary ac-tivity and active constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria. Methods Being guided by bioactive screening,the anticomplementary constituents of P.urinaria were iso-lated and purified by solution partition and chromato-graphic techniques,and their structures were identified by 13C-NMR spectrum and the comparison of reported data. The anticomplementary activity and possible mechanism were assayed.Results The EtOAc fraction of the methanol extract of P.urinaria was shown to be the active fraction,and two compounds were purified from the fraction and were identified as corilagin and ellagic acid.The EtOAc and the two compounds signifi-cantly inhibited the hemolysis of the complement classi-cal pathway,with IC50values of 53.77 mg·L-1, 176.54 mg·L-1and 102.23 mg·L-1,respectively. While they just showed slight effect on inhibiting the hemolysis of the complement alternative pathway. All of them affected the formation of C3 convertase of the classical pathway. Conclusions The polyphenols are main anticomplentary constituents of P. urinaria,and its mechanism is related to inhibiting formation of C3 convertase of the classical pathway.

Study on the factors influencing the changes of perivascular space after glioma surgery / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors of perivascular space change after brain tumor surgery.Methods According to the occurrence of postoperative perivascular space change,80 cases of glioma patients were divided into perivascular space and reconstruction group(observation group,n=38)and normal postoperative perivascular space group(control group,n=42).Compared the general data,sur-gery,tumor related indicators and postoperative complications of the two groups,and analyzed the influencing factors of the perivascular space changes after brain tumor surgery.Results In the observation group,the operation time of the patients was(95.38 ±9.21)min,which was significantly longer than(75.36 ±9.05)min in the control group.The intraoperative blood loss was(290.32 ±45.47)mL in the observation group,which was significantly more than(247.19 ±36.75)mL in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The tumor site located in the left hemisphere,tumor volume more than 40.0 cm3,high grade glioma,and proportion of patients with postoperative complications in the observation group were all higher than those of the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,tumor location,tumor volume,patho-logical grade and complications were significantly correlated with the changes of perivascular space after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion Advanced age,tumor located in the left side of the brain,large tumor volume,severe pathology,postoperative epilepsy,chronic intracranial hy-pertension and other complications were the risk factors affecting the changes of perivascular space in patients with glioma.

Modulation of retinal information and retinal diseases / 复旦学报（医学版）

In this article a general account of the major results in retina research obtained by my team in the past ten years is provided.The basic research of my team is exemplified by the study of neuromodulatory action of melatonin on retinal neurons.This is followed by a brief description of our endeavor in exploring the pathogenesis of glaucoma,focusing on the involvement of Müller cell gliosis and reverse signaling of the ephrin/Eph signaling system in apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.Finally,our recent studies,concerning roles retinal dopamine (DA) plays in refractive development and form-deprivation myopia (FDM) are presented.Our results strongly suggest that a DA-independent mechanism may work together with a DA-dependent mechanism,mediating refractive development and FDM formation.

Expression of the nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in calcium oxalate stone kidney / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the expression level and significance of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in renal tissue with calcium oxalate stone.Methods 20 kidney specimens were collected as the experimental group from patients with calcium oxalate stone who underwent nephrectomy because of stones in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2014;another 20 renal specimens were get as the control group from patients with renal carcinoma,the renal tissues were obtained 2cm far from the tumor and proved as normal tissue.Immunohistochemical detection was carried out to analyze the expression level of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β in the 40 renal samples.Animal experiment:fourteen male SD rats were randomly divided into calcium oxalate stone group and control group.For calcium oxalate stone group we established an ethylene glycol method induced hyperoxaluric rat model featured by crystalline material within tubule lumens;for control group normal feeding was performed.After 6 weeks,all rats were sacrificed,and the kidneys were harvested for further experiments.HE staining and Pizzolato staining were used to detect calcium oxalate crystals within tubule lumens.Western boltting and RT-PCR was applied to detect protein level and mRNA quantity of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β from tissue lysates in rat model.Results In renal tissue samples obtained from patients with calcium oxalate stone disease,we demonstrated that the expression level of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β were above to the normal renal tissue samples.We established a hyperoxaluric rat model character with crystalline material within tubule lumens examined by renal histology with HE staining and Pizzolato staining.And we detected that the protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β were remarkably increased in the lysates from the hyperoxaluric rat model (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The NLRP3 inflammasome has overexpression in the renal tissue of patients with calcium oxalate stone as well as in the renal tissue of hyperoxaluric rat,and it provides a new thought to reveal the formation of calcium oxalate stone.

Correlation of CD4CD29regulatory T cells with recurrence and survival time in patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of CD4CD29regulatory T cells (Treg) with tumor recurrence and survival time in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-nine patients with NSCLC treated with radical surgery were followed up for 5 years. Blood Treg cells were examined during the follow-up using flow cytometry (FCM). The sensitivity and specificity of Treg cells to predict recurrence of NSCLC were analyzed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and compared with those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin21-1 (Cyfra21-1). The influences of gender, age, occupation and radiotherapy on survival time of the patients were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 59 patients, the shortest survival time was 23 months while the longest time was over 67 months. Nineteen patients had NSCLC recurrence, and 17 (28.81%) of them died of metastasis during the follow-up. The frequencies of blood Treg cells in patients who did not receive radiotherapy and in patients with tumor recurrence were significantly higher than those in patients receiving radiotherapy and in patients free of recurrence (P=0.000). ROC curves showed that the area under curve (AUC) lowered in the order of Treg cells, Cyfra21-1, CEA (P=0.002, 0.006 and 0.013, respectively) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.649-0.981, 0.621-0.936 and 0.584-0.944, respectively. At the cut-off value of 7.53%, the sensitivity and specificity of Treg cells to predict NSCLC recurrence was 91.42% and 87.59%, respectively. The five-year survival rate of the 59 patients was 71.18% (42/59), and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a longer survival time in female patients (P=0.038), in patients below 50 years of age (P=0.013), in patients not engaging in mental work (P=0.029), and in patients receiving radiotherapy (P=0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treg cells has a better efficiency than Cyfra21-1 and CEA to predict tumor recurrence in patients with NSCLC following radical surgery. The male gender, an age beyond 50 years, an occupation of mental work, and failure to receive radiotherapy are all risk factors for recurrence of NSCLC.</p>

Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Chinese one-shot tract dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis: A report of 67 cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The safety and effectiveness of a novel Chinese one-shot dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were investigated. After the feasibility of the Chinese one-shot dilation based on stimulated diuresis was verified by an animal study, this technique was applied in the clinical practice. A total of 67 patients in our department underwent the modified PCNL from July 2014 to June 2015. After the renal infundibulum was distended by stimulated diuresis, the kidney was punctured under the ultrasonographic guidance via the fornix of the target calyx. The working channel was dilated using a special designed pencil-shaped fascial dilator. The successful access rate, nephrostomy tract creation time, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin values and serum creatinine concentrations, stone-free rate and complications were recorded and analyzed. The renal infundibulum was successfully distended in all of the patients by the diuresis treatment. Under the ultrasonographic guidance, the successful access rate was 100% and the mean tract creation time was 2.0 min (range: 1.5-5.0 min). The stone-free rate right after surgery was 91.0%. Although the postoperative hemoglobin was significantly reduced (P<0.01), transfusion was not clinically necessary. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine concentrations before and after operation (P>0.05). No severe complication occurred during or after the PCNL. It was suggested that this Chinese one-shot dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis is an efficient and safe innovation for PCNL, and is even helpful for those patients with non-dilated pelvicaliceal systems.

The association of MAFB gene polymorphism with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Ningxia Hui and Han population / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the association between non-syndrome cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P)and MAFB (rs6072081, rs6065259,rs17820943,rs11696257)gene polymorphism in NingXia Hui and Han population.Methods:512 cases of NSCL/P,258 case of Hui nationality and 254 of Han,174 cases of complete 3 core family members(patients and their parents),142 cases of single parents families(patients and their single parents),were collected in patient group.505 cases of healthy newborns were collected in control group.The MAFB gene SNPs were determined with TaqMan SNPs genotyping methods and the data were analyzed by case-con-trol analysis,transmission disequilibrium test(TDT)and family based association test(FBAT).Results:Case-control analysis found that,there was a statistical significance of the genotypes and allele frequency between patients and the controls in MAFB of the 4 locus (P 0.05).Conclusion:The 4 locus single nucle-otide polymorphism was associated with NSCL/P in Ningxia population.

Isoflavonoids from Caragana changduensis and their nitric oxideinhibitory activities / 中国中药杂志

Ten isoflavonoids were isolated from the heartwoods of Caragana changduensis Lion f. by means of various column chromatographic techniques. Based on the detailed spectral data analysis (MS and NMR), as well as comparison with the literatures, their chemical structures were determined as 7,2'-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (1), 4'-hydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyisoflavone (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-2',5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (3), prunetin (4), afrormosin (5), odoratin (6), genistein (7), texasin (8), pratensein (9), and 6,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (10). Among them, compounds 1-3 and 9-10 were isolated from the Caragana genus for the first time. All the compounds were obtained from this species for the first time. In the preliminary assays, compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 possessed significant inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC50 values of 48.12, 25.32, 62.71, 43.59 μmol x L(-1), respectively.

Clinical research of primary trigeminal neuralgia treated with electroacupuncture at qi streets acupoints combined with spinal regulation therapy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) between the comprehensive therapy of electroacupuncture (EA) at qi streets acupoints combined with spinal regulation method and medication with carbamazepine (CBZ).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients were randomized into a comprehensive therapy group (30 cases) and a medication group (30 cases). In the comprehensive therapy group, the acupoints at qi streets on the head such as Taiyang (EX-HN 5) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and those at qi streets on the chest and abdomen such as Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Guanyuan (CV 4), etc. were selected. After arrival of qi, EA was attached on 2 to 4 groups of acupoints. After acupuncture, the spinal regulation method was applied. This comprehensive therapy was given once a day. In the medication group, CBZ was used for oral administration, 100 mg at the first time, twice a day, and 400 to 600 mg each day as the maintenance dose. Separately, before and after treatment, in 2 and 6 months in follow-up, pain rating index (PRI), life satisfaction index B (LSI-B) and hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were adopted to evaluate comprehensively the clinical efficacy in the two groups and compare the adverse reaction during the treatment between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the curative and markedly effective rate in the comprehensive therapy group was 76.7% (23/30), which was better than 63.3% (19/30) in the medication group (P < 0.01). The difference in PRI was not significant after treatment between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In 2 and 6 months follow-up, PRI grade in the comprehensive therapy group was superior to that of the medication group (both P<0. 05). After treatment and in follow-up, HAMD score was all reduced in the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and the result in follow-up in the comprehensive therapy group was significant as compared with that in the medication group (all P<0. 05). After treatment, LSI-B score was increased obviously in the two groups (all P < 0.05) and the result in the comprehensive therapy group was better than that in the medication group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reaction in the comprehensive therapy group was 16.7% (5/30), which was lower than 30.0% (9/30, P < 0.01) in the medication group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The comprehensive therapy of EA at qi streets acpoints combined with spinal regulation method achieves the long-term efficacy on PTN as compared with oral administration of CBZ in terms of the improvement of psychological condition, analgesia and life quality. It is the safe, effective and stable therapy.</p>

Clinical research of electroacupuncture at acupoints of qijie area combined with spine balance-regulating massage on posterior circulation ischemia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy difference between electroacupuncture (EA) at qijie area combined with spine balance-regulating massage and medication for posterior circulation ischemia (PCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred cases of PCI were randomly divided into a treatment group (50 cases) and a medication group (50 cases). The treatment group was treated with EA at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Fengchi (GB 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Danzhong (CV 17), etc. in qijie area combined with spine muscle-relieving massage and comprehensive chiropractic. The medication group was treated with oral administration of nimodipine (30 mg per time, three treatments per day) and vinpocetine injection with 500 mL of glucose injection or intravenous drip of 500 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection, once a day. Ten treatments were taken as one course in both groups, and two courses were given. The symptom score, mean resistance index (RI) of vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA), mean velocity of blood flow (Vm) and comprehensive clinical efficacy were compared before and after treatment in two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cured and markedly effective rate was 79.6% (39/49) in the treatment group, which was superior to 54.7% (23/42) in the medication group (P<0.05). The symptom score was both significantly improved after treatment in two groups (both P<0.05), which was more obvious in the treatment group (P<0.05). The RI of VA and BA, Vm of VA and BA were significantly improved after treatment in two groups (all P<0.05), which were more obvious in the treatment group (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The electroacupuncture combined with spine balance-regulating massage has superior effect on improving mean velocity of blood flow and resistance index of vertebral artery and basilar artery as well as symptom score to medication, and is believed to be a safe and effective treatment for posterior circulation ischemia.</p>

Genetic relationship and parent selection of some Sarcandra glabra resources based on ISSR / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed to assess the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 18 Sarcandra glabra resources from different populations,and guide parent selection of cross breeding between these resources. The molecular marker technique ISSR was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the 18 resources. Data was analyzed by POPGEN 32, and a cluster diagram was presented by UPGMA. One hundred and ninety-eight amplified fragments were obtained using 23 ISSR primers. One hundred and eighty-four polymorphic loci were identified. Nei's genetic diversity index (h) was 0.32, Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.485 4. The genetic similarity coefficient among the resources ranged from 0.383 8 to 0.878 8 in an average of 0.661 2. The genetic distance between sample S2 and sample S18 was the farthest, so as between sample S3 and sample S18 both Nei's genetic distance was 0.957 5, The genetic distance between sample S4 and sample S5 was the closest, the Nei's genetic distance was 0.129 2,and the sample S1, S2, S3, S7, S10 were significantly different from the others based on the clustering analysis, the three groups S2 vs S3, S2 vs S6, S2 vs S18 were the best parent group selection. There was a middle level of genetic differentiation in the resources. The genetic distance between resources gives useful information to guide parent selection of cross breeding.

Study on identification of Sarcandra glabra and Chloranthus spicatus's leaves by PCR amplification of specific alleles / 中国中药杂志

The paper is aimed to identify SNP in Sarcandra glabra and Chloranthus spicatus, and authenticate S. glabra from Ch. spicatus and the mixture by using PCR amplification of specific alleles. SNPs in the ITS sequences of S. glabra and Ch. spicatus were found by ClustulX 2. 1 program and Bioedit software. Primers for authentic S. glabra and Ch. spicatus was designed according to the SNP site, and ITS sequence universal primers plus to the authentic primer to construct a multi-PCR reaction system, and then optimized the PCR reaction system. Five hundred and eighty band special for S. glabra and 470 bp band special for Ch. spicatus were found by using multi-PCR reaction. The multi-PCR reaction system could be applied to identify S. glabra and Ch. spicatus's leaves.